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Since ancient times, water conservancy projects have mainly built dikes, sluices, spillways, and other diverse types of hydraulic structures to achieve flood control, water supply, irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and river regime adjustment functions. The sluice project is the node project of the urban water conservancy projects, it is responsible for multiple functions such as flood control and drainage, water body partition, water quality improvement and have a certain function of improving river landscape. Therefore, the current sluice project is also increasingly advocating hydrophilicity, concealment, and ecology.
With the application and development of low-head dynamic sluices in urban river governance, the requirements of water safety, water resources, water ecology, water landscape, and water culture and increasing. The construction of ecological sluices is vital important measures of healthy development of cities and the improvement of economic development along the river basin. How to consider the healthy and sustainable requirements of the water ecosystem based on the study of ecological environmental effects of the sluice is the crucial direction of the construction of the ecological sluice, and it is also a huge challenge for the development of ecological sluice. The ecological effects of low-head sluices are mainly reflected in the following aspects.
The construction of low-head sluices can enhance the function of the water conservancy canal system, form a high-quality ecological canal system integrating irrigation, ecology, sightseeing and other functions, increase the water environment carrying capacity, form small waterfalls, beautify the landscape, and improve the urban and rural ecological water environment. In the cold winter, it is also possible to develop water entertainment center and build a large amusement park for the public and tourists.
The formation of multiple artificial lakes can not only directly beautify the environment, but it also can as the supplement to groundwater source by building the cascade sluices along the river and intercepted layer by layer. Furthermore, it still can make use of the asynchronous characteristics of small floods to implement joint dispatching of the river system. What’s more, utilizing the networked river channel system to implement joint dispatching of river channels to storage floods into the river channel to the maximum, extend the retention time of water flow in the river channel, and solve the reality of water shortage in the river channel.
Low-head dynamic sluices are suitable for the rivers with lush vegetation, heavy floating, and more sediment and pebbles during flood periods, especially multi-fan combined structure sluices and take hydraulic elevator dams as an example. When the upstream exists floating objects, adjust the single gate leaf slightly, and the floating can pass smoothly without setting up the trash rack. When the gate leaves are jammed by branches and plastic bags, it can adjust the single gate leaf or two gate leaves according to the floating quantity and position, meanwhile it can wash away the floating objects with the help of the water flow. Even if there are floating objects between the two dams, repeatedly adjust the angle of two gate leaves can make branches and other floating objects fall off.
