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In the early stages of urban river management development, rubber dams were widely used due to their advantages of simple structure, low cost, and low technical requirements. Rubber dams were first introduced to China in the 1960s, and the first one was built in 1966 on the south moat of You'anmen in Beijing.
The pneumatic shield gate was initially developed by OHI Corporation in the United States. Since its introduction in the 1990s, it has been widely promoted and applied worldwide, such as Friant and Horseshoe dams in the United States, Ophua dam in New Zealand, and Rarik dam in Iceland, with a total of more than 200 constructions. China began to introduce and promote it after 2005. In the early stages, due to the requirement of US patented technology for system related core technologies, which were expensive, there were only a dozen or so in the domestic market. But in the past two years, the main components have been localized, and the market application has increased significantly.
The steel dam gate was officially developed and applied in practical engineering in 2007. At present, there are hundreds of such gate projects built in China, such as the Bachuan River Flood Control Project in Tongliang District, Chongqing, the Heihegou Water Environment Treatment Project in Beijing, the urban flood control and waterlogging control project in Debao County, and the Wanquan River Treatment Project in Beijing. Steel dam has been applied earlier in Liaoning Province, with many application cases. Since the construction of the first steel dam on the Xinkai River in Xinmin County in 2008, Liaoning Province has built more than 30 steel dam dams, with dam heights ranging from 1.5 to 4.0 meters and dam widths ranging from 10 to 60 meters.
Hydraulic lifting dam was developed and applied in engineering practice in Chizhou, Anhui in 2006. As of 2016, more than 300 have been built and put into operation in China, with a rapid development trend and an annual construction capacity of over a hundred, such as the Shijiazhuang Colorful Arc Dam Project, Shanxi Gaoping Colorful Arc Lock Project, Zhejiang Hongpu River Qianqiu Bridge Project, and Beijing Fengtai Curved Hydraulic Dam Project. This type of dam, with a maximum height of 5 meters, was built in 2009 and is located in Yanling, Hunan. The dam is 38 meters long and has a total of 7 fans. The longest dam is 240m long and was built in 2016. It is located in Haicheng City, Liaoning Province, with a height of 4m.
The hydraulic elevator dam is a new type of dam developed in Beijing in 2012. At present, more than a hundred gates have been built in China, such as the river treatment project of the Antu urban section of the Burhatong River, the ecological demonstration section project of the Xiaoling River Binhe New Town, and the water diversion project of the Yuejin Gou pumping station in the south of Jining City. Such gates have also been widely promoted and applied in Southeast Asia, Bangladesh, Thailand and other foreign countries. At present, the longest hinge activity dam was built in 2014 and is located in Mezele, Myanmar, with a length of 261 meters. The highest hinge activity dam was built in 2017 and is located in Tongren, Guizhou, with a height of 5 meters. In the cold regions of Northeast China, six hinge active dams with a height of 2 meters and a length of 56-230 meters were constructed on the main stream of Mudanjiang River in Dunhua City, Jilin Province from 2014 to 2016. These dams are equipped with winter automatic deicing function and have obvious advantages in river applications in cold regions.
